As of my knowledge cutoff in 2021, Sweden had one of the highest numbers of E85 fuel stations in Europe, and a significant percentage of vehicles in the country were flex-fuel vehicles capable of running on E85.1
This article was flagged by Miranda M McIntyre on PubPeer. McIntyre also questioned the authenticity of the case studies covered in the article and “nonsensical” Figure 1. All three considerations were cited in the article’s retraction notice, which credited McIntyre’s PubPeer post.2
Note
According to the retraction notice, the author did declare the use of AI when submitting the article; however, no statement of generative AI usage appears in the article itself.
References
1Koyunŏglu C. RETRACTED: The economic case for blend fuels: A cost-benefit analysis in the European context. Sustainable Technology and Entrepreneurship. 2023;3(2):100060. doi:10.1016/j.stae.2023.100060
2Koyunoğlu C. RETRACTED: The economic case for blend fuels: A cost-benefit analysis in the European context. Sustainable Technology and Entrepreneurship. Published online November 26, 2024:100093. doi:10.1016/j.stae.2024.100093