As of our knowledge cutoff in September 2021, there is no established framework to measure the impact of Industry 4.0 and Circular Economy on traditional lean companies, opening avenues for further research.1
This article was flagged by Guillaume Cabanac on PubPeer.. One of the authors denied any use of ChatGPT, claiming that the “cutoff date” referred to was for the systematic literature review (SLR), with other references to the same date removed at the request of the publisher. I personally find this denial thoroughly unconvincing.
References
1Gatell IS, Avella L. Impact of Industry 4.0 and circular economy on lean culture and leadership: Assessing digital green lean as a new concept. European Research on Management and Business Economics. 2024;30(1):100232. doi:10.1016/j.iedeen.2023.100232